Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1, 13-14 (1948). WebOther articles where Sweatt v. Painter is discussed: Brown v. Board of Education: Decision: the Supreme Courts rulings in Sweatt v. Painter (1950) and McLaurin v. Oklahoma The litigation in McLaurin began to take shape when George W. McLaurin, an African American student with a masters degree, applied for admission to the University of Oklahoma in pursuit of a doctorate in education but was denied entry solely because of his race. McLaurin uses the same classroom, library and cafeteria as students of other races; there is no indication that the seats to which he is assigned in these rooms have any disadvantage [339 U.S. 637, 641] of location. Reversing, the Supreme Court of the United States held that a state could not treat a student differently from other students on the basis of race as theFourteenth Amendmentprecludes such differences in treatment. For the first time, the U.S. Supreme Court acknowledged that the fabric of American society was changing. [2][3] The case was heard in Oklahoma City at the Post Office, Courthouse, and Federal Office Building. 1149, the Supreme Court had held that it was a denial of the equal protection guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment for a state to segregate on the ground of race a student who had been admitted to an institution of higher learning. Dist.) Upon suit filed by the applicant, the university tried to set up a separate facility for African-American law students. Argued April 3, 4, 1950. 1149), the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. Where conditions exist where a student of color is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws such circumstances theFourteenth Amendmentprecludes differences in treatment by the state based upon race. He may wait in line in the cafeteria and there stand and talk with his fellow students, but while he eats he must remain apart. Pursuant to a requirement of state law that the instruction of Negroes in institutions of higher education be "upon a segregated basis," however, he was assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for Negro students, was assigned to a special table in the library, and, although permitted to eat in the cafeteria at the same time as other students, was assigned to a special table there. BlackPast.org is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373. 640-641. Thus he was required to sit apart at a designated desk in an anteroom adjoining the classroom; to sit at a designated desk on the mezzanine floor of the library, but not to use the desks in the regular reading room; and to sit at a designated table and to eat at a different time from the other students in the school cafeteria. United States District Court W. D. 208, and Sipuel v. Board of Regents, 1948, 332 U.S. 631, 68 S.Ct. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. The school authorities were required to exclude him by the Oklahoma statutes, 70 Okla. Stat. Appellant's case represents perhaps the epitome of that need, for he is attempting to obtain an advanced degree in education, to become, by definition, a leader and trainer of others. The result was that he was handicapped in his pursuit of effective graduate instruction. Even so, the court retained jurisdiction of the case in order to provide the student with equal protection of the laws with regard to his education. Citing our decisions in State of Missouri ex rel. Marian W. Perry and Franklin H. Williams were also of counsel. In 1948, McLaurin applied for admission to the doctoral program in the College of Education, directly challenging the states current segregation laws. Possessing a Masters Degree, he applied for admission to the University of Oklahoma in order to pursue studies and courses leading to a Doctorate in Education. This appeal followed. 70 Okla. Stat. Appellants case represents, perhaps, the epitome of that need, for he is attempting to obtain an advanced degree in education, to become, by definition, a leader and trainer of others. In the interval between the decision of the court below and the hearing in this Court, the treatment afforded appellant was altered. The judgment is reversed. These factors are elemental to robust education. In 2001, the Bizzell Memorial Library, the main library at the University of Oklahoma, was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in commemoration of this case. The Justices acknowledged in their ruling that it is impossible to have a "separate yet equal" education because of the nature of education itself. It may be argued that appellant will be in no better position when these restrictions are removed, for he may still be set apart by his fellow students. trailer <]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 22 0 obj<>stream Segregated basis is defined as 'classroom instruction given in separate classrooms, or at separate times.' 299, 92 L.Ed. Briefs of amici curiae, supporting appellant, were filed by Solicitor General Perlman and Philip Elman for the United States; Paul G. Annes for the American Federation of Teachers; Phineas Indritz for the American Veterans Committee, Inc.; Arthur J. Goldberg for the Congress of Industrial Organizations; Edward J. Ennis and Saburo Kido for the Japanese American Citizens League; and Arthur Garfield Hays and Eugene Nickerson for the American Civil Liberties Union. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950). 34. Appellant filed a complaint requesting injunctive relief, alleging that the action of the school authorities and the statutes upon which their action was based were unconstitutional and deprived him of the equal protection of the laws. 851, 339 U.S. 637, 94 L.Ed. Such restrictions impaired and inhibited his ability to study, to engage in discussions, exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. With them on the brief were Thurgood [339 U.S. 637, 638] Marshall and Frank D. Reeves. State-imposed restrictions which produce such inequalities cannot be sustained. At that time, his application was denied, solely because of his race. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Appellant is a Negro citizen of Oklahoma. 0000062265 00000 n - 339 U.S. 637, 70 S. Ct. 851 (1950) Rule: Where conditions exist where a student of color is required to receive his In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents [ 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. We decide only this issue; see Sweatt v. Painter, ante, p. 629. No part of this site may be construed as in the public domain. The Supreme Court noted that the special treatment McLaurin received because of his race set him apart from the other students. Copyright to all articles and other content in the online and print versions of The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History is held by the Oklahoma Historical Society (OHS). Both students sued, and the U.S. Appellant, having been admitted to a state-supported graduate school, must receive the same treatment at the hands of the state as students of other races. With him on the brief was Mac Q. Williamson, Attorney General. He may wait in line in the cafeteria and there stand and talk with his fellow students, but while he eats he must remain apart. Decided June 5, 1950. U.S. Supreme CourtMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950), McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. Therefore, the Court ruled that higher institutions such as colleges and universities were prohibited from practicing segregation, as it violated equal protection in an educational setting. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. The court found that the university's inaction in providing separate facilities, in order to meet Oklahoma state law, allowing McLaurin to attend the institution was a violation of his Constitutional rights. (c) Having been admitted to a state supported graduate school, appellant must receive the same treatment at the hands of the State as students of other races. Okla. 1948) U.S. District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma - 87 F. Supp. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, an important case leading up to the U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, struck down the Oklahoma statute that mandated The case began when the University of Oklahoma denied George W. McLaurin admission to its graduate program in education, citing the segregation statute, which made it a misdemeanor to operate a school in which both blacks and whites were taught. (a) The restrictions imposed upon appellant impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. It is said that the separations imposed by the State in this case are in form merely nominal. We decide only this issue; see Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629, 70 S.Ct. No. Our society grows increasingly complex, and our need for trained leaders increases correspondingly. No. He wanted to have an education that was similar to his peers. 851 [ 94 L.Ed. The Act secured the right to vote for minorities in the South. Ballotpedia features 408,463 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. A Black individual was admitted to the graduate school at the University of Oklahoma to pursue a doctorate in education. George W. McLaurin(2012.201.B0391.0687, Oklahoma Publishing Company Photography Collection, OHS). 0000071826 00000 n 848. Pp. The Civil Rights Movement Begins Age 12 The civil rights movement was a movement to enforce constitutional and legal rights for African Americans that the other Americans enjoyed. HW1C~NR Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. Kenneth has a JD, practiced law for over 10 years, and has taught criminal justice courses as a full-time instructor. The student filed a complaint for injunctive relief, claiming that the statute was unconstitutional because it deprived him of equal protection of the laws. Casetext, Inc. and Casetext are not a law firm and do not provide legal advice. [1] The unanimous decision was delivered on the same day as another case involving similar issues, Sweatt v. Painter. 232, 83 L.Ed. He had to sit by himself in a separate section of the classroom, sit at a separate desk in the library, and sit at a different table (and sometimes eat at different times) from the rest of the students in the cafeteria. WebMcLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA DEPT. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, an important case leading up to the U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, struck down the Oklahoma statute that mandated segregation in education. The case McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents began when the University of Oklahoma denied George McLaurin into its graduate program because of his race. But they signify that the State, in administering the facilities it affords for professional and graduate study, sets McLaurin apart from the other students. Read More opinion of Vinson In Fred M. Vinson to white persons only ( Shelley v. Kraemer, 1948). On June 5, 1950, the United States Supreme Court ruled that a public institution of higher learning could not provide different treatment to a student solely because of his/her race as doing so deprived the student of his/her Fourteenth Amendment rights of Equal Protection. . Footnotes Further, the Court ruled that "discrimination had no place in education." The primary purpose of the 14th Amendment was to extend rights and protections found in the Constitution to the states. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION ET AL, holding that a state sponsored graduate school's disparate treatment of an admitted black student based on his race violated the Equal Protection Clause.

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